Current AI evaluation paradigms that rely on static, model-only tests fail to capture harms that emerge through sustained human-AI interaction. As interactive AI systems, such as AI companions, proliferate in daily life, this mismatch between evaluation methods and real-world use becomes increasingly consequential. We argue for a paradigm shift toward evaluation centered on \textit{interactional ethics}, which addresses risks like inappropriate human-AI relationships, social manipulation, and cognitive overreliance that develop through repeated interaction rather than single outputs. Drawing on human-computer interaction, natural language processing, and the social sciences, we propose principles for evaluating generative models through interaction scenarios and human impact metrics. We conclude by examining implementation challenges and open research questions for researchers, practitioners, and regulators integrating these approaches into AI governance frameworks.
Professor at George Washington University
I am a Professor with Human-Technology Collaboration and Educational Technology programs at George Washington University in Washington DC. I have written 12 books and more than 100 articles, and I co-host of the Parsing Science podcast where scientists tell the stories behind their research. I am also the developer of the WeShareScience.com online platform for sharing research videos, and SciencePods.com where researchers can create free podcasts about their science. My research interests include human interactions with intelligent machines, needs, needs assessments, and instructional design.
Latest posts by Ryan Watkins (see all)
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